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This study assessed the role of sustainable land management practice in improving maize productivity among smallholder farmers in Assosa woreda rural Kebeles by using 294 sampled households. It was comparative study and the data collected from two populations which practiced sustainable land management and those did not practice. The cross-sectional study design implemented and the quantitative data collected from six randomly selected kebeles (three from each of the two groups) of small-scale holder farmers with proportional allocation of the number of participants to each selected kebele. The household heads were selected using systematic technique. The focus group discussion was also conducted with nine members for adopters and non-adopters separately. During data collection, the KOBO data collection tool used and the data downloaded from this tool after it was collected and submitted by data collectors. During data analysis, descriptive statistics like t-test and chi-square test conducted. The collinearity checks like normality, heteroscedasticity, variance inflation factor and kernel density estimate carried out before impact analysis. The finding indicated that the two population groups were similar in many background like in total land size, land size covered by maize, maize production before the implementation of the SLMP but many of the differences were after practice of the SLM. Sustainable land management adopters were producing yield 20.045 quintal maize per hectare compared to non-adopters.
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