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Poverty is a global problem, and it has severe in Ethiopia. The rural poor are quite diverse in both the problems they face and its features. Vulnerability to poverty is a dynamic concept and an ex-ante analysis of a household well-being that assessed the population segment at present and near future. This study aims to determinate of rural household vulnerability to poverty in oura woreda Benishangul Gumuz Region Ethiopia. The study used 390 sample respondents, by using multistage random sampling 4 kebele select from 41 kebele. Questionnaires were used to collect the necessary data. Using a household consumption expenditure approach by employing the (Foster-Greer and Thorbecke,) poverty index to determine the extent of rural poverty. The study’s result shows that the total head count index, poverty gag, and poverty severity indexes are 0.51, 0.27, and 0.08 respectively. Moreover, based on the Binary Logistic regression model output of sample households, there is a significant difference in the poverty level among the vulnerable to poor and non-vulnerable to poor sampled households in terms of factors such as the family size in terms of adult equivalent per household, farm size, Total livestock unit, Number of oxen, education of the household head, Access to off farm, Access to extension service, Access to irrigation, Access to input, dependency ratio, Income of household were significant up to10% probability level. Age, marital status, sex, shock and credit service were not statistically significant. The finding reveals that most of the non-vulnerable to poor households are engaged in more than one livelihood options. On the other hand, income diversification can contribute a certain percentage to help vulnerable to poor households escape extern poverty and Non-agriculture sector should be developed to diversify the income sources of poor households.
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