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Bread wheat is the most important cereal crop in the Poaceae family. It is the second most influential staple food crop after rice, grown in 89 countries with climates ranging from temperate to tropical. However, its productivity is mainly constrained by different biotic and abiotic factors, agronomic practices and Verities recommendation. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to identify the effect of vernalization and wheat variety on growth and yield performance of bread wheat cultivars under rain fed conditions during the 2023/24 cropping season. Factorial combinations of two vernalization (with or without) and six bread wheat varieties (Limu, Local, Ogolcho, danda’a, kingbird and Shorima) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the days to 50% Booting, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% physiological maturity, Total number of tillers per plants, Aboveground dry biomass yield, grain yield, and spick length were highly and significantly (p<0.01) affected by interaction effects of treatments and varieties, whereas 50% days to emergency, total numbers of productive tillers per plant, leave numbers and plant height, and thousand kernel and kernel per spick, were highly and significantly (p<0.01) affected by main effects of vernalization and varieties, whereas leaf area index, harvest index, were significantly (p<0.01)affected by varieties. The longest days of 50% emergency (5.0), days of 50% Booting (53.3 ), days of 50% flowering (56.7), days to 90% physiological maturity (130), and the highest plant height (84.79 cm), , leaf area index (11.00), leaf numbers (4.63), number of kernel per spike (60.87), Total of tiller per plant (9.6), Numbers of productive tiller per plant (6.4), Spick length (15.73), aboveground dry biomass yield (76000 kg ha-1), thousand kernel weight (36.00), grain yield (508 kg ha-1) and harvest index (36.59) , were obtained at the vernalized treatments and varieties. With regards to the main effects of varieties Limu recorded the longest days of 50% Emergency (5.0), 50% booting (53.3), 50% flowering (56.78), and variety kingbird showed the longest days to 90% physiological maturity (130.0), variety Shorima showed the highest plant height (84.79 cm), leaf numbers (4.63), number of kernel per spike (60.87), total number of tiller per plant (9.6), numbers of productive tiller per plant (6.4), thousand seed weight (36.00) and harvest index (36.59)variety Ogolchus ,showed the highest leaf area index (11.00), Spick length (15.73), aboveground dry biomass yield (7.60 t ha-1), grain yield (0.508 t ha-1) , , and variety Ogolchu. The highest grain yield 5.08 t ha-1 grain was obtained from the variety Ogulcho with vernalized treatment. The economic analysis revealed that variety Ogulcho with the vernalized treatment gave the highest net benefit of 36,1991.0 ETB ha-1 with marginal rate of return 9744.0%. Therefore, from the result of present study that the vernalization treatment with Ogulcho variety can be tentatively recommended for farmers for production of wheat in the study area and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions.
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