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This study was conducted on the Assessment of large and medium sized mammalian diversity and their threatening factors in Anbesa Chaka, Bambasi woreda, Benishangul Gumuze regional state, Ethiopia, during August, 2021 - May, 2022. The recording of mammalian diversity were done by using random sampling method, by making transect lines in four habitats which varied in length from 1 km to 2 km distance and transect width of left to right side ranged from 50m to 100m distance established to record mammalian species depending on vegetation cover of the study area. In all 30 samples transect lines 12, 8, 6, and 4 transect lines were established in forest land, bush land, grassland, and farm land habitats respectively. Also 2 mammalian orders, 3 families and 6 species were identified at the present study area. The highest was order Artio-dactyla, those had 2 families and 4 species (66.7%), and order Primate was the least 1 family and 2 species (33.33%) were recorded. The highest abundance was recorded from forest land (38.4%) followed by bush land (23.9%) and farm land habitat had (20.3%). But, the least abun-dance was recorded from grass land habitat (17.4%). From recorded 6 species of mammals, P. anubis 196(47.34%) and p. aethiopis 184 (44.44%) were highest and S. grimmia 2 (0.48%) and T. scriptus 2 (0.48%) were lowest abundance of individual mammals species recorded in both seasons. The highest abundance 285(68.8%) of mammalian individuals were recorded in wet season, but the least 129 (31. 2%) individuals were recorded during dry season from the study area. This variation was statically significant (P<0.05). Species diversity of mammals was calculated by using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The highest species diversity index (H’) was recorded from forest land habitat (H’=1.32). But the least was recorded from grass land habitat (H’=0.66). This variation was statically significant (P<0.05). Forest fire, illegal agricul-tural land expansion, deforestation, illegal resource utilization, encroachment by settlement, grazing, and hunting were some of the major problems that affect the presence of mammals in the study area. Therefore, appropriate conservation actions should be taken to save and enhance the number of the existing mammalian species from the study area.
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